Alfred Adler was a student of Sigmund Freud, and most scholars believe their theories are virtually indistinguishable.

• A. Alfred Adler was a student of Sigmund Freud
• B. Their theories are virtually indistinguishable
• C. Adler rejected Freud
• D. Adler's work predates Freud

Answer: (A)

The main idea here is the historical relationship between Adler and Freud. Alfred Adler did study under Sigmund Freud and became part of the early Vienna psychoanalytic circle. That direct connection is a factual detail about how Adler’s ideas first formed and interacted with Freud’s framework, which is why this statement is the correct choice. The claim that their theories are virtually indistinguishable isn’t supported by the history or the theory themselves—Adler eventually developed his own approach, focusing on social factors, community, and the striving for superiority, which differentiated him from Freud. He didn’t predate Freud, and he didn’t reject Freud outright; rather, he split from Freud to pursue a distinct path in psychology.