In the medical model of psychotherapy, who is considered the expert when someone has a problem and needs help?

• A. The client
• B. The psychotherapist
• C. A medical doctor only
• D. The client's family

Answer: (B)

In the medical model, problems are treated as conditions that require professional evaluation and treatment. The person bringing the problem seeks help because they rely on a trained clinician to diagnose and decide on care. The psychotherapist is the expert because of their specialized training in assessing symptoms, determining whether a disorder is present, and applying evidence-based treatments. They formulate the treatment plan and guide the therapy, possibly coordinating with medical doctors for medication if needed. The client provides the information about their experiences, but the authority to diagnose and plan treatment rests with the clinician. The family or a physician may be involved, but the clinician delivering psychotherapy is the expert in this approach.