Snyder's 2000 Hope Theory posits that successful counseling outcomes depend on which two elements?

• A. Belief that counseling will work and self-agency qualities
• B. Access to resources and social supports
• C. Presence of resilience and low risk factors
• D. High distress and symptom awareness

Answer: (A)

Snyder’s Hope Theory emphasizes goal-directed thinking built on two cognitive components: the belief you can move toward goals (agency) and the perceived ability to generate practical routes to those goals (pathways). In counseling, outcomes tend to be better when clients not only believe that therapy can help (expectancy about the treatment) but also feel capable of taking action and persisting toward change (self-agency). The pair of beliefs described—expectancy that counseling will work and self-agency qualities—captures these two essential elements, making it the strongest answer. Other factors like access to resources, resilience, or distress levels influence results but aren’t the two core components Snyder identifies.